Pearl Harbor Attack :
Improved Air Force Before Japan Attack to Pearl Harbor 1941
Improved Air Strength Before Japanese Attack to Pearl Harbor 1941. The Asian continent is considered backward in the affairs of war machine technology. As a result the title of "child of onion" seialu attached to the nations of this region. This nickname continues to survive although the Japanese Navy Fleet managed to bulldoze the Russian Fleet in the Strait of Tsushima in 1908.
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| Mitsubishi A6M Zero during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor |
Since then Japan has secretly developed itself into one of the giants of the world's military. As well as wishing to be a leader in the whole Eastern Hemisphere. Amazingly, none of the allies are aware of this development until the Japanese Attack to Pearl Harbor.
Do not regard everything as trivial. Pakem is apparently never ignored by European and American countries that have been entrenched centuries in the Asian Continent. For example the Tsushima Strait event for example, does not make America and Europe (allies) aware of Japan's potential to be a threat. Even when the Sino-Japanese conflict erupts the allies still see the light of this country.
Whereas General Claire Chennault, commander of the Flying Tigers volunteer air unit, has informed Washington about the sophistication of the Japanese combat aircraft involved. The report seems to be no more than a useless file by American military officers.
The Beginning of Japanese Aircraft Industry
The history of Japanese aircraft began in mid-1891. When a local businessman named Chuhachi Ninomiya managed to fly a model airplane that only powered the engine with a rubber twist. This success then triggered Ninomiya to make a larger-scale aircraft model. But this time the power is obtained from the propellers whose rotation comes from the commonly used on the clock machine. This trial was also successful. Unfortunately this effort vanished by itself, but secretly the Japanese army interested in the business Ninomiya.
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| Prepare on the deck of Shokaku during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor |
After that the purchase of mass-scale flying war machine was done. Recorded aircraft of the type Sopwith Strutters, Nieuport Bebe, and SPADS entered the long list of purchases of Japanese weapons after World War I. Begin the trend of military aircraft entering Japan.
This move gave birth to the seeds of desire to make homemade aircraft. This is evident with the efforts of Captain Tokugawa-one of Europe's graduates-modify Farman's double-winged aircraft in order to perform better. The rally was later made massively by the Japanese Air Balloon Unit at Nakano, around Tokyo. Thus the Farman modification signifies the first aircraft made domestically.
In addition to the licensed products and modifications, the original design works of the nation's children also began to try made. Yokosho-type double-winged amphibious aircraft (float biplane) became the first original Japanese draft aircraft. Lieutenant one Chikuhei Nakajima and second lieutenant Kishichi Magoshi became the designers in 1916. However, this success does not necessarily make the heart satisfied. The proof in the era of the 20s Japan is still trying to hook the expert from outside the aircraft. Still a source with Farman, namely England, this time Herbert Smith brought to work in Mitsubishi. Smith is none other than designer elder from Sopwith who famous with his work Sopwith Camel during World War I.
Three major Japanese Aircraft Industries
Since then began to emerge the aerospace industry in Japan. There are three names that dominate, each is Mitsubishi, Nakajima, and Kawasaki. The big three have been active since the late 1910s. Mitsubishi and Kawasaki started off by establishing heavy industry department (heavy industries department) which is part of their other products. Nakajima is really built to make the plane by derivative famous conglomerate, Mitsui.
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| Result of Japanese attack to Pearl Harbor |
It was not until 1936 that the rule was actually implemented. Because at that time the Japanese have managed to make their own multiple military aircraft. Note the name of Mitsubishi Ki-21, Ki-15, and G3M1-engined bomber bomber entered the list of fighter plane nested on land. Also made also military aircraft that berhabitat in the sea such as Nakajima B5N1 and Mitsubishi A5M1.
A year later the Japanese aircraft production capability increased dramatically. The cause is none other than the Sino-Japanese conflict erupted. In 193S again new rules were made. In this regulation, all aircraft factories with assets over three million yen will be in direct control by the government. This supervision includes equipment, techniques, and production plans. In return, all taxes include the government-borne customs fees.
In March 1941 the Japanese aircraft industry was given a signal in order to prepare for a major war that would erupt. Commands to build aircraft with specific technical specifications are also rushed given to some manufacturers. Funds to do this mission are also not limited. In addition to relying on cash, the loan system from industrial banks is also used. In addition to money matters, the Japanese Army and the Japanese Navy also lend the various industrial devices it has. Funny thing is the Japanese Army's industrial equipment should not be used to produce Japanese Navy aircraft. The same is true on the contrary.
Japan Army Air Force
The first aviation history for the Japanese Army was recorded beginning in early 1877 with the use of balloons for military purposes. This airship unit was later involved in military operations in the Russian-Japanese Conflict of 1904. At that time deployed two units of balloons that successfully carry out 14 missions targeting Russian troops in Port Arthur.
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| Aichi D3A during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor |
The activity of this division is increasing with the arrival of the mission from France. The mission of Colonel Faure was followed by the education of 63 qualified instructors. In addition, also brought some well-known French fighter hunters during the World War I. Some of them are Spad S-13C-1 which was then adopted by the AD as a standard fighter. Also brought Nieuport 24C-1 (trainer combat) and Salmson 2A-2 (scout). Both types were eventually made domestically by the manufacturer Nakajima and Kawasaki. Also present also present the British aircraft that is Sopwith Pup and Avro 504 K.
In early May 1925 the Army Air Corps (AAC) was established. Given the changes before this air unit has a position equivalent to other ground units such as cavalry and infantry. Lieutenant General Kinichi Yasumitsu then held the control of 3,700 personnel plus a total of 500 aircraft.
The combat experience in Vladivostok (1920) and the conflict in Tsinan, China (1928) became an early test of AAC reliability. However, it was only a small battle, a large-scale conflict was plundered when AAC was required to engage in the Manchurian and Shanghai incidents (1931-32). The aircraft involved in the mission is Mitsubishi Type 87 (light bomber) in combination with Nakajima Type 91 hunter. But the problem is that these two aircraft are less qualified when used against Chinese Air Force aircraft. However, the power continued to grow until finally just before World War 2 the composition of air force AD Japan consists of a total of 1,500 fighters ready for combat. In the scale of the big battle the AD got part of the task of defending the land territory that has been mastered.
Japanese Navy Air Force
Steps to build air power that has the ability of motion from the sea (naval aviation) appeared in June 1912. Initially it was just a body of Naval Aeronautical Research (Naval Aeronautical Research). This step was also offset by the purchase of a water plane (seaplane) and sent three Navy officers to France and America. As a result two aircraft from Farman and Curtiss brought back home.
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| Kaga's carrier took part in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor |
Some important events then color the development of the Japanese Navy air unit. The first occurred in the period 1916 to 1918, when it was formed two airborne corps located in Yokosuka and Sasebo. Another incident was the successful pilot test taking off a Sopwith Pup aircraft from the top of the deck of the ship. This trial was conducted in 1920 on the ship Wakamiya Maru which has undergone a revamp.
Professionally reorganized later in the early 30s, after the Navy was involved in military operations against the Chinese Armed Forces. In contrast to the AD, for the affairs of the development of fighters AL is arguably more fussy. Just look at the aircraft design program that must have the capabilities required in 7-Shi is considered too ambitious. As a result, most domestic aircraft manufacturers raise their hands to meet these demands. Finally two years later AL revised the terms in the 9-shi program. This step proved correct. As a result of various types of fighter aircraft that have the ability to qualify finally present. Some of them are Mitsubishi A5M hunters, Mitsubishi G3M bombers, Yokosuka B4Y, and Kawanishi H6K amphibious aircraft.
Exactly when the second Chinese-Japanese Conflict broke out (1937) the air force of the AL really showed its fangs. Until the outbreak of the Pacific War, it is estimated that the Navy has a total power of 3,000 fighters of various types. Almost half of that amount is alerted on the front lines. In large-scale battles the AL gets rations doing deadly attacks on enemy's important goals such as during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Air Strength Being the Backbone of Japan's Attack To Pearl Harbor
Geographical backgrounds may also foster ideas of military strategy to be applied. In contrast to the United States that has the ground for its interests. A thing that is not owned by Japan. Therefore building the aircraft carrier power is considered the most appropriate solution. The battle tactics between aircraft carriers were then attempted to develop. The reason, with this tactic to bulldoze the enemy fleet no longer need large-caliber cannons. Simply launch the turtle bombers and terpedo. The choice of land targets may be more flexible, not only near the beach.
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| The result of the Japanese attack to Pearl Harbor |
The picture is as follows: Akagi has a carrying capacity of 19 hatchlinkers, 35 blackheaded bombers and only 12 hunters. This carrier was later used as a flagship of Admiral Nagumo when attacking Pearl Harbor. Kaga has the ability to accommodate 24 hatchlear bombers, 36 terpedo bombers, and 12 hunters.
Still not enough, in 1936 Japan again build a larger aircraft carrier, Shokaku. The vessel has a carrying capacity of 27 men and blackbird bombers and 18 hunters. In addition, light aircraft carriers also built. In 1931-32 Soryu and Hiryu aircraft carriers also began construction. Both have a carrying capacity of 18 hatchlinkers and torpedoes plus nine hunters. Japan then made the aircraft carrier as the main attack machine. When the Japanese attack towards Pearl Harbor, this samurai country has 10 aircraft carriers ready for the motion of various classes.
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