Battle of Mu'tah (Arabic: معركة مؤتة, غزوة مؤتة) occurred in 629 AD or 5 Jumadil Early 8 Hijri, near the village called Mu'tah, east of the Jordan River and Al Karak, between the forces of Khulafaur Rashidin sent by Prophet Muhammad and the army of the Eastern Roman Empire (Bashar).
Fact about The Battle Of Muta:
- This war occurred in the year 8 Hijriyah
- This war took place between the Islamic Forces and the Royal Roman Army
- Islamic forces numbered 3000 people and Roman Empire numbered 100 thousand people plus 100 thousand more people from Syrian peoples. In other words, 3000 Muslims against 200 thousand Roman Infidels and Syrian peoples.
- Islamic forces led by Zaid bin Harithah who later killed. Ja'far ibn Abu Talib (his brother Ali ibn Abu Talib) succeeded him but was killed. Then the War Commander was taken over by Khalid bin Walid (after he converted to Islam) and changed the strategy of the resistance so that the Islamic Forces could escape the siege by the Royal Roman Army.
- Khalid Bin Walid earned the nickname Syaifullah (God's sword) and was praised by the Prophet for his cleverness and courage in battle
- This war occurred in the area of Mu'tah (still the territory of Roman power)
- The first war between Arabia against the Romans or in other words the first war between the Muslims against the Roman Empire
- The cause of this war is the people of Syrian Christians killing the messenger of the Prophet who was assigned Rasulullah preach to the king in Damascus in the Roman Empire. At that time and until now, killing the messengers from the kingdom or the state was meant to invite war.
Background
After the Hudaibiyyah Agreement was agreed, Rasulullah sent letters of da'wah as well as diplomacy to the rulers of the country bordering the Arabian peninsula, including to Heraclius. In Year 7 of Hijriah or 628 AD, Rasulullah commissioned al-Harith bin 'Umair to send a preaching letter to the Governor of Sham (Iraq) named Hanits bin Abi Syamr Al-Ghassani who was newly appointed by the Roman Empire. In the Journey, in the area around Mut'ah, al-Harith bin 'Umair was intercepted and killed by a local ruler named Syurahbil bin' Amr al-Ghassani leader of the tribe of Ghassaniyah (At that time ruling in the Palestinian territories and beyond). And in the same year, the Messenger of Allah's Messenger on the Banu Sulayman and Dhat al Talh areas around the country of Sham (Iraq) were also killed by the rulers around.Previously, never a messenger of the Prophet Sallallahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam killed in his mission.
Meanwhile, according to modern Western sources, this battle is a failed attempt of conquest against the Arabs east of the Jordan River. Certainly, this is criticized for not being able to explain logically the background of combat, between Muslim forces that have not even united the Arabian peninsula and have not mastered Makkah who dared to oppose the power of the Roman superpower in the northern region which is very far from Medina.
Before the Islamic army set out to establish the banner of La ilaha Illallah, the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) had appointed three Companions at the same time carrying a mandate commanding alternately if the previous commander was killed in the battlefield's duty, resulting in a failure to continue the leadership. A decision he has never done before. They are Ja'far bin Abi Talib, Zaid bin Harithah (from the Migrant Companion) and a companion of Ansar, Abdullah bin Rawahah, poet of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).
In short, a total of 3,000 Islamic troops were deployed. When they reached Ma'an, there was news that Heraclius had prepared 100,000 of his troops. In addition, the Christians of some Arab tribes are also ready with the same amount. Hearing such news, some friends suggested to ask the troops for help to the Messenger of Allah or he decided an order.
'Abdullah bin Rawanah then inflames the fighting spirit of the friends of at that time with his words, "By Allah, the real thing that you do not like this is the one you seek out, the martyr (falling in the war on the path of Allah Azza Wa Jalla). We are not struggling because of the number of troops or forces. We are fighting for this religion which Allah Almighty has glorified us with. Move around. There is only one of two goodnesses: victory or fall (martyr) on the battlefield. "
People respond by saying, "By Allah, Ibn Rawanah said right".
Zaid bin Harithah, the first commander appointed by the Prophet, then brought troops to the Mu'tah region. Two troops faced fierce. This first commander was darting arrows-darts of enemy troops until finally killed in the way of Allah Azza wa Jalla.
The flag went to the hands of Ja'far bin Abi Talib. Cousin Prophet Mohammed this fight until his right hand broke up. The flag he held with his left hand, and finally broke up by the enemy's hand. In such conditions, his spirit does not recognize the ebb, while still trying to defend the flag by hugging him until he was killed by the opponent's weapon. According to Ibn 'Umar, one of the eyewitnesses who participated in the war, there were no less than 90 cuts on the front part of him either by the sword and the arrow.
The turn of 'Abdullah bin Rawanah came. After crashing the enemy doomed him to fetch him in the battlefield.
Thabit bin Arqam took the no-man's flag and shouted for the Companions of the Prophet to determine the successor to lead the Muslims. So, their choice fell on Khalid bin Walid. With the ingenuity and brilliance of strategy and strategy, the Muslims succeeded in beating the Romans to a great loss.
After the War
Witnessing the unequal battle between the Muslims with the kuffar, which is an alliance between the Nassara troops Roman and Arab Nassara, logically, would defeat experienced by the companions of Prophet Mohammed respectfully.
Imam Ibnu Katsir expresses astonishment of the power of Allah Almighty through the results of the war that ended with the victory of the Muslims by saying: "It's an amazing incident completely. Two fighting troops, hostile to each other in religion. The first party of troops who fought in the way of Allah Azza Wa Jalla, with the power of 3000 people. And the other side, the infidel troop of 200 thousand troops. 100,000 people from Rome and 100 thousand from Nashara Arab. They fight each other and attack. Nevertheless, only 12 people have killed from the side the forces of the Muslims. In fact, the death toll from the infidel's army very much ".
The scholars of history disagree on one word about the number of martyrs of Mu'tah. However, it is clear they are not many. It only revolves around a dozen figures, according to the most count. In fact, the war of Mu'tah very fierce. It can be proved that Khalid Bin Walid spent nine swords in the war. Only one sword is left, Yemeni made.
Khalid said, "It has broken Nine swords in my hand, nothing but the Yemeni sword.
According to Imam Ibn Ishaq an Imam in the science of Islamic history, martyrdom Mu'tah martyrs only amounted to 8 Companions only. In detail that Ja'far Ibn Abi Thalib and former slave Messenger of Allaah respectfully Zaid bin Haritsah al-Kalbi, Mas'ud Ibn al-Aswad bin Haritsah bin al-'Adawi Nadhlah, Wahb Ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh.
While from among the Ansar, 'Abdullah bin Rawahah,' Abbad bin Qais al-Khozarjayyan, al-Harits bin an-Nu'man ibn Isaf an-NAJJARI bin Nadhlah, Suraqah bin 'Amr bin al-Khansa Athiyyah bin Mazini radi' anhum .
On the other hand, Imam Ibn Hisyam with information based on az-Zuhri added four names in a row Companions of the Prophet who died on the battlefield Mu'tah. Namely, Abu Kulaib and Jabir. These two are siblings. Plus 'Amr bin' Amir son Sa'd bin Tsa'labah bin Malik bin Afsha. They also come from the Ansar. With this, the number of martyrs increased to 12 souls.
EmoticonEmoticon